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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed October 19, 2026Editorial policy
Medical Devices15 min read

How to Use and Care for an Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Published: October 19, 2026Updated: October 19, 2026

An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is a specialized brace designed to support the lower leg, stabilize the ankle joint, and assist with conditions such as foot drop. Proper fitting, skin monitoring, and daily maintenance ensure the brace remains comfortable and prevents pressure injuries. This guide outlines how to safely wear, adapt to, and maintain your AFO.

Quick Summary

Wear your AFO over a smooth, tall sock inside supportive footwear, follow a gradual break-in schedule, and inspect your skin daily for lasting redness.

Important Medical Disclaimer

This guide is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with qualified healthcare providers for medical concerns.

Step-by-Step Guide

1

Inspect Your Skin and Prepare the Leg

Before putting on the orthosis, thoroughly inspect your foot, ankle, and lower leg for redness, irritation, or breakdown. Wash and completely dry your skin to prevent moisture accumulation, which can cause friction blisters. Do not apply heavy lotions or oils immediately before donning the brace, as these can soften the skin and damage brace padding.

Important: Never wear an AFO over open wounds, blisters, or skin infections without explicit instructions from your healthcare team.

2

Put on an Appropriate Sock

Pull on a clean, snug-fitting cotton or moisture-wicking synthetic sock that extends at least one to two inches above the top of the AFO. Smooth out all wrinkles and ensure the heel seam is aligned properly to prevent localized pressure. Avoid socks with thick, raised seams or ribs along areas where the brace applies direct force.

3

Position Your Heel and Fasten the Straps

Slide your foot into the orthosis, bending your knee slightly to help seat your heel firmly against the bottom and back pocket of the brace. Secure the ankle or instep strap first to lock the heel into position, followed by the calf and forefoot straps. Fasten the straps snugly so the brace does not shift, but avoid overtightening, which can restrict blood circulation or cause nerve compression.

4

Insert the Braced Foot into Supportive Footwear

Select a supportive, closed-toe shoe with a firm heel counter, a wide toe box, and an adjustable closure like laces or hook-and-loop straps. Remove the factory insole of the shoe to create adequate volume for the plastic base of the AFO. Gently ease your braced foot into the shoe, utilizing a long-handled shoehorn if necessary, and secure the shoe firmly.

Important: Do not attempt to walk in an AFO without a shoe; walking directly on the plastic creates a major slip hazard and can damage the brace.

5

Follow a Gradual Break-in Schedule

Unless your orthotist instructs otherwise, start by wearing the brace for one to two hours on the first day while performing light activity. Increase wear time by one to two hours each consecutive day to allow your skin and musculoskeletal structures to adapt to new pressure distributions. Discontinue use and check your leg immediately if you experience sharp pain or sudden numbness.

6

Remove, Re-inspect Skin, and Clean the Brace

After removing the orthosis, inspect your skin for red pressure marks, which should completely fade within 20 to 30 minutes. Clean the hard shell and interior padding of the brace daily by wiping it down with a damp cloth and mild soap or rubbing alcohol. Allow the orthosis to air dry completely away from direct heat sources before wearing it again.

Important: Contact your orthotist for an adjustment immediately if redness persists longer than 30 minutes, or if you notice skin breakdown, blisters, or bruising.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I wear my AFO with any type of shoe?
No. AFOs require stable shoes with a low heel, firm heel counter, and adjustable closures like laces or Velcro. High heels, slip-ons, sandals, and tight-fitting dress shoes compromise brace stability and increase fall risk.
How long will my custom AFO typically last?
A custom plastic AFO generally lasts between one and three years for adults, depending on activity level, changes in body weight, and wear patterns. Straps, pads, and tread may require replacement more frequently.
Is it safe to drive while wearing an AFO?
Driving safety depends on which leg uses the brace, the stiffness of the AFO, and your pedal reaction time. You should undergo a clinical evaluation and check local motor vehicle regulations before driving with an orthosis on your right foot.
What should I do if my AFO starts making squeaking noises?
Squeaking is typically caused by friction between the orthosis shell and the interior of the shoe. Applying a light dusting of talcum powder inside the shoe or placing a thin adhesive moleskin strip along the outer contact areas usually resolves the noise.
  1. 1
    Mayo ClinicSource
  2. 2
    NHSSource
  3. 3
    NIH StatPearls: Lower Limb OrthosesSource
  4. 4
    UpToDateSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed October 19, 2026. · Read our editorial policy