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Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15)

Published: July 27, 2026Updated: August 25, 2026

GDF-15 is a stress-responsive cytokine that is elevated in cardiovascular diseases, reflecting tissue damage and inflammation.

Quick summary

GDF-15 is a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular risk and mortality.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 25, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

Units
pg/mL
Clinical utility
prognostic
Result kind
quantitative
FDA-cleared
Roche Elecsys GDF-15, Abbott GDF-15
interpretation: {"text":"Levels within this range are generally considered normal and indicate a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular events.","label":"Low (0–1200 pg/mL)"}; {"text":"Elevated levels suggest a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and may warrant further investigation and management.","label":"High (>1200 pg/mL)"}

GDF-15, also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It is involved in various cellular processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, and cell repair.

In the context of cardiovascular health, elevated levels of GDF-15 are associated with increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality. It serves as an indicator of ongoing pathological processes.

The measurement of GDF-15 levels in the blood can help clinicians assess the severity of cardiovascular disease and predict adverse outcomes, guiding therapeutic interventions.

Frequently asked questions

What is the normal range for GDF-15?
The normal reference range for GDF-15 is typically 0–1200 pg/mL.
How is GDF-15 measured?
GDF-15 is measured through a blood test, often using immunoassays.
  1. 1
    Emerging Role of GDF-15 in Cardiovascular DiseaseSource
  2. 2
    GDF-15 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Cardiovascular DiseaseSource

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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 25, 2026. · Read our editorial policy