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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α)

Published: July 27, 2026Updated: August 25, 2026

TNF-α is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. It is primarily produced by activated macrophages.

Quick summary

TNF-α is a key inflammatory marker used to monitor inflammation levels in the body.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 25, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

Units
pg/mL
Clinical utility
monitoring
Result kind
quantitative
FDA-cleared
R&D Systems TNF-alpha ELISA, Meso Scale Discovery TNF-alpha
interpretation: {"text":"Levels above 8.1 pg/mL may indicate active inflammation or an autoimmune condition.","label":"Elevated"}; {"text":"Levels within the range of 0–8.1 pg/mL are generally considered normal.","label":"Normal"}

TNF-α plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune cells and is a key mediator in the inflammatory response. It is often elevated in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and sepsis.

The normal reference range for TNF-α is typically between 0–8.1 pg/mL. Levels above this range may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process or an autoimmune disorder.

Monitoring TNF-α levels can help in assessing the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments and in managing chronic inflammatory conditions.

Frequently asked questions

What conditions can cause elevated TNF-α levels?
Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and sepsis can cause elevated TNF-α levels.
How can TNF-α levels be reduced?
TNF-α levels can be reduced through medications like anti-TNF drugs, lifestyle changes, and other anti-inflammatory treatments.
  1. 1
    Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)Source
  2. 2
    Role of TNF-α in inflammation and cancerSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 25, 2026. · Read our editorial policy