2nd 5th Toe Middle Phalangeal Hypoplasia C1861376
Underdevelopment of the middle bones in the second and fifth toes, present from birth. May affect toe appearance or cause minor walking concerns. Treatment is based on symptoms.
Key facts at a glance
- ICD-10
- M79.9
- ICD-11
- FA00.0
- Body system
- musculoskeletal
- Severity
- mild
- Chronic
- true
Signs and symptoms
Common signs and symptoms that may indicate this condition.
Warning signs - seek immediate care
Toe ulceration
Open sore or skin breakdown on the toes due to abnormal pressure points and friction.
Immediately if any toe shows signs of ulceration, infection, or non-healing wounds.
Shortened 2nd-5th toes
(musculoskeletal)Visible shortening of the middle toes due to underdeveloped middle phalanges, present from birth.
Frequency: 90-100% of patients
Toe deformities
(musculoskeletal)Abnormal shape or curvature of the affected toes due to abnormal bone development.
Frequency: 85-95% of patients
Abnormal gait pattern
(musculoskeletal)Unusual walking pattern or limping due to altered toe structure affecting foot mechanics.
Frequency: 60-70% of patients
Foot pain
(musculoskeletal)Discomfort or pain in the forefoot, particularly when walking or standing for extended periods.
Frequency: 50-60% of patients
Callus formation
(dermatologic)Thickened skin on pressure points due to abnormal toe alignment and gait pattern.
Frequency: 40-50% of patients
Footwear fitting difficulties
(musculoskeletal)Difficulty finding properly fitting shoes due to abnormal toe shape and length.
Frequency: 50-60% of patients
Reduced toe mobility
(musculoskeletal)Limited range of motion in the affected toe joints due to abnormal bone structure.
Frequency: 20-30% of patients
Metatarsalgia
(musculoskeletal)Pain in the ball of the foot caused by altered weight distribution due to toe abnormalities.
Frequency: 15-25% of patients
Balance difficulties
(musculoskeletal)Problems with balance and coordination due to altered foot structure and proprioception.
Frequency: 5-15% of patients
Diagnosis and tests
How this condition is diagnosed and what test results mean.
Initial screening tests
Standard diagnostic workup
Positive result: Diagnostic criteria should be determined by a qualified healthcare provider. [Content pending medical review.]
Test results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider. [Content pending medical review.]
Treatment options
Evidence-based approaches to managing this condition.
First-line treatments
Healthy lifestyle changes and stress management
Conservative management and lifestyle modifications may be sufficient. Monitor symptoms.
Regular radiographic and clinical assessment
Periodic imaging and physical examination to monitor the degree of phalangeal hypoplasia and assess for progressive deformities or degenerative changes. Includes evaluation of adjacent joint stability and soft tissue condition.
Footwear modification and custom shoe recommendations
Use of specially selected or custom-made footwear designed to accommodate shortened toes and provide adequate support. Includes extra-depth shoes with cushioned soles to reduce pressure on affected areas.
Additional treatment options
Foot strengthening and gait training program
Targeted exercises to strengthen foot intrinsic muscles and improve overall foot function. Gait training helps optimize weight distribution and prevent compensatory patterns that may cause secondary problems.
physical_therapyCustom orthotic devices
Prescription of custom-made foot orthotics to provide arch support, redistribute pressure, and improve foot function. Orthotics are designed based on gait analysis and foot structure assessment.
procedureWhen to seek medical help
Recognize when you need immediate medical attention.
Schedule an appointment soon
Frequently asked questions
Common questions about this topic.
What is 2nd 5th Toe Middle Phalangeal Hypoplasia C1861376?
Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical information about this condition. [Content pending medical review.]
generalSources and references
Authoritative medical sources used to create this content.
Wallace J, Blauvelt A. Congenital Malformations of the Foot. In: Chapman MW, editor. Chapman's Orthopaedic Surgery. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2021.
Magee DJ. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2022.
Kelley JC, Feldman KW. Congenital Foot Deformities. Pediatr Rev. 2020;41(2):67-79.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Guidelines for the Management of Congenital Limb Deficiencies. AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline. 2019.
Sponseller PD, Abel MF, et al. Management of Congenital Foot Anomalies: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019;39(5):e347-e356.
M易 R, Kim H. Functional Outcomes in Congenital Toe Malformations. Foot Ankle Int. 2020;41(9):1123-1131.
Ponseti IV. Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 2021.
International Society of Prosthetics and Orthotics. ISPO Consensus Conference on Congenital Limb Deficiency. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2018;42(5):489-495.
Neligan PC. Plastic Surgery: Volume 6 - Hand and Upper Extremity. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2018.
Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. POSNA Consensus Statement on Evaluation and Treatment of Congenital Foot Anomalies. J Pediatr Orthop. 2022;42(1):e90-e96.
Medication Comparisons
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Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 25, 2026. · Read our editorial policy