Abnormal Cortical Gyration C1856019
An abnormality in the folding pattern of the brain's outer layer. Severity varies and may affect brain function. Treatment is tailored to specific symptoms.
Key facts at a glance
- ICD-10
- G43.909
- ICD-11
- 8A00.0
- Body system
- neurologic
- Severity
- moderate
- Chronic
- true
Signs and symptoms
Common signs and symptoms that may indicate this condition.
Warning signs - seek immediate care
Hydrocephalus
Buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain cavities causing increased pressure.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms of increased intracranial pressure develop such as vomiting, lethargy, or bulging fontanelle.
Respiratory difficulties
Breathing problems including apnea, stridor, or difficulty maintaining airway protection.
Seek emergency care for any difficulty breathing, cyanosis, or apnea episodes.
Developmental delay
(neurologic)Significant delays in reaching developmental milestones such as sitting, crawling, walking, and speaking.
Frequency: 90-95% of patients
Seizures
(neurologic)Recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain structure and electrical activity.
Frequency: 70-80% of patients
Hypotonia
(neurologic)Reduced muscle tone causing floppy limbs and poor head control in infants.
Frequency: 80-90% of patients
Intellectual disability
(neurologic)Impaired cognitive function ranging from mild to severe intellectual impairment.
Frequency: 85-95% of patients
Feeding difficulties
(gastrointestinal)Problems with sucking, swallowing, or tolerating oral feeds leading to poor nutrition.
Frequency: 50-70% of patients
Microcephaly
(neurologic)Abnormally small head circumference due to underdevelopment of the brain.
Frequency: 60-75% of patients
Spasticity
(neuromuscular)Increased muscle stiffness and tightness, often affecting legs and arms.
Frequency: 40-60% of patients
Failure to thrive
(constitutional)Inadequate weight gain and growth despite adequate nutrition intake.
Frequency: 50-70% of patients
Diagnosis and tests
How this condition is diagnosed and what test results mean.
Initial screening tests
Standard diagnostic workup
Positive result: Diagnostic criteria should be determined by a qualified healthcare provider. [Content pending medical review.]
Test results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider. [Content pending medical review.]
Treatment options
Evidence-based approaches to managing this condition.
First-line treatments
Developmental milestone tracking
Systematic monitoring of neurodevelopmental progress with regular assessments of motor, cognitive, and language milestones to identify functional implications of cortical gyration abnormalities.
Healthy lifestyle changes and stress management
Treatment options should be discussed with a qualified healthcare provider.
Seizure management
Anticonvulsant therapy when cortical abnormalities predispose to epileptiform activity, selected based on seizure type and patient characteristics.
Additional treatment options
Neurodevelopmental therapy
Early intervention physical therapy to promote motor development, address tone abnormalities, and support age-appropriate functional skills.
physical_therapyCognitive support services
Educational and cognitive support interventions to maximize learning potential and address any intellectual or processing differences associated with cortical malformations.
psychologicalSurgical evaluation for refractory symptoms
Neurosurgical consultation to consider interventional options when conservative management fails to control severe symptoms or seizures refractory to medical therapy.
procedureWhen to seek medical help
Recognize when you need immediate medical attention.
Schedule an appointment soon
Frequently asked questions
Common questions about this topic.
What is Abnormal Cortical Gyration C1856019?
Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical information about this condition. [Content pending medical review.]
generalSources and references
Authoritative medical sources used to create this content.
American Academy of Neurology. Practice guideline: Lissencephaly and other cortical malformations. Neurology. 2020;95(8):e1045-e1057.
Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations of cortical development: clinical features and genetic causes. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(7):710-726.
Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, et al. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 5):1348-1369.
Stottmann RW, Bagnell CR, Hecht J, et al. Genetic and clinical characterization of lissencephaly spectrum disorders. Am J Med Genet A. 2021;185(6):1684-1695.
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Epilepsy. Consensus guidelines on cortical malformations and epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2018;59(Suppl 1):3-15.
Mingarelli E, Mai C, Santoni T, et al. Neuroimaging findings in lissencephaly: systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2022;17(1):219.
Volpe JJ. Neural tube formation and prosencephalic development. In: Volpe's Neurology of the Newborn. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018:49-98.
Child Neurology Society. Position statement: Diagnosis and management of cortical malformations in children. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(3):319-331.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Cortical Malformation Fact Sheet. NIH Publication No. 21-NS-4785. 2021.
Leventer RJ, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2018;20(4):293-308.
Medication Comparisons
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Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 20, 2026. · Read our editorial policy