Activtlymphsnfrbal

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the percentage of activated T lymphocytes in fluid collected from the lungs to help diagnose respiratory and immune-related conditions.

Quick summary

{"The test examines immune cells in lung washing fluid to detect inflammation or infection","Activated T cells are white blood cells that fight infections but can also cause lung damage when overactive","Results help doctors diagnose conditions like sarcoidosis, pneumonia, or autoimmune lung diseases","The sample is collected through bronchoscopy, a procedure that examines the airways","Abnormal results may indicate lung inflammation, infection, or immune system disorders"}

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC: 57460-8
Short code: ACT-T-BAL
Synonyms: Activ T Lymphs NFr BAL
Category: chemistry
Sample: serum
Container: Sterile collection container for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, typically a sterile polypropylene tube
Units: N/A
Ref low: 5
Ref high: 15
Fasting: false
Population: adult
Sex: all
Age range: ≥ 18 years
Method: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping
CPT: 86160
SNOMED: 1225610006
Specimen volume: 10-50 mL of BAL fluid, with minimum 5 mL required for adequate analysis
Stability: Process within 2-4 hours of collection. If delay expected, store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.
Hemolysis max: 500
Lipemia max: 1000
Icterus max: 500
TAT: 24–72 hours
Order: routine

What is this test?

The Activated T Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage test measures the number and percentage of activated T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in fluid collected from the lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a procedure where sterile salt water is flushed into a small part of the lung and then collected back out, bringing with it cells from the air sacs and airways. This fluid is then analyzed in a laboratory to count different types of immune cells, particularly activated T cells.

How is the sample collected?

A bronchoscopy is performed to collect the BAL fluid. During this procedure, a thin tube with a camera (bronchoscope) is passed through the nose or mouth into the lungs. Sterile saline is instilled into a specific lung segment and then aspirated back. The procedure usually takes 30-60 minutes and is done under sedation or local anesthesia. You may experience mild sore throat or cough after the procedure.

What do the results mean?

The results show the percentage and absolute count of activated T lymphocytes among all cells in the BAL fluid. Normal findings typically show a low percentage of activated T cells. Elevated levels of activated T cells may indicate various lung conditions, and the pattern of cell types helps doctors distinguish between different diseases affecting the lungs.

Reference range

Reference range varies by clinical context; activated T cells typically represent 5-15% of total lymphocytes in BAL. Consult pulmonary specialist for interpretation.N/A

Specimen: serum

Patient should avoid smoking for at least 24 hours before procedure. Inform physician of current medications, especially immunosuppressants or corticosteroids. No fasting required.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings2

Frequently asked questions

Why do I need this test instead of a blood test?

This test examines cells directly in the lung environment, which provides more accurate information about local lung immune activity than blood tests. Blood tests show systemic immune changes, while BAL specifically evaluates what's happening in your lungs.

Is the bronchoscopy procedure painful?

The procedure is generally well-tolerated. You will receive sedation or local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. Most patients experience only mild throat discomfort or a cough for a short time after the procedure. Serious complications are rare.

How long does it take to get results?

Results typically take 3-7 days, as the fluid requires specialized laboratory analysis including cell counting and immunological testing.

What conditions are commonly diagnosed with this test?

This test is particularly useful for diagnosing sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, interstitial lung diseases, certain types of pneumonia, and some autoimmune conditions affecting the lungs. It also helps rule out infections and other causes of lung symptoms.

Sources

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy