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What is this test?

The 12-hour urine amylase test measures the amount of amylase enzyme in your urine over a 12-hour collection period. Amylase is produced mainly by the pancreas (to help digest starches) and salivary glands (to begin breaking down food in your mouth). Normally, a small amount of amylase passes into the urine. Measuring the total amylase excreted over 12 hours gives your healthcare provider important information about how well your pancreas is functioning.

Why is this test done?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms of pancreatic problems, such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite. It is commonly used to help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the pancreas, including pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), pancreatic duct obstruction, pancreatic cancer, or pancreatic insufficiency. The test may also be used to evaluate kidney function, as the kidneys help filter amylase from the blood.

How to prepare for the test

Your doctor will provide specific instructions. Generally, you should inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, as certain drugs (such as diuretics, birth control pills, or some pain medications) can affect test results. You may be asked to avoid alcohol and certain foods before the test. It is important to stay well-hydrated during the collection period unless otherwise instructed. Follow any dietary restrictions your healthcare provider recommends.

How is the collection done?

You will receive a special collection container from the laboratory. At the start of the 12-hour period, you will begin by urinating and discarding that first sample (this is called a 'void' and is not collected). After that, every time you urinate during the next 12 hours, you must collect all urine in the provided container. Keep the container refrigerated or in a cool place as instructed. At the end of 12 hours, collect your final urine sample and bring the entire container to the laboratory as directed.

Understanding your results

Normal amylase levels in 12-hour urine vary by laboratory, but results are typically reported in units per 12 hours (U/12h). Your doctor will interpret your results based on your individual health situation. Elevated amylase levels may indicate pancreatitis, pancreatic duct obstruction, pancreatic cancer, or kidney disease. Low levels may suggest pancreatic insufficiency (the pancreas is not producing enough enzymes) or chronic kidney disease. Remember that many factors can influence your results, so always discuss your specific findings with your healthcare provider.