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What is this test?

The androstenedione test measures the amount of androstenedione in your blood. Androstenedione is a steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands (located on top of your kidneys) and, in women, by the ovaries. It acts as a precursor, meaning your body converts it into other important hormones like testosterone (the male sex hormone) and estrogen (the female sex hormone).

Why is this test performed?

Your healthcare provider may order an androstenedione test if you are experiencing symptoms that suggest a hormonal imbalance. In women, this may include irregular menstrual periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, or difficulty becoming pregnant. In children, it may be ordered for early puberty or delayed puberty. The test helps doctors evaluate how well your adrenal glands and ovaries are functioning and can aid in diagnosing conditions that affect hormone production.

How is the test done?

A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample from a vein in your arm using a small needle. The procedure is quick and usually takes less than a minute. You may feel a brief stinging sensation when the needle is inserted or removed. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. In some cases, the test may be performed using a dried blood spot (DBS) sample, where a few drops of blood are collected on a special filter paper card.

What do the results mean?

Androstenedione levels are reported in nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) or similar units. Reference ranges vary significantly based on age, sex, and in women, the phase of the menstrual cycle. Elevated androstenedione levels may indicate conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal tumors, or ovarian tumors. Low levels may suggest adrenal insufficiency or other adrenal disorders. Your healthcare provider will interpret your results in the context of your symptoms and other test findings.

Are there any risks?

The risks associated with this test are minimal. You may experience slight bruising, bleeding, or tenderness at the puncture site. In rare cases, fainting, infection, or excessive bleeding may occur. These complications are uncommon and usually resolve quickly. If you have a bleeding disorder or take blood-thinning medications, inform your healthcare provider before the test.