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What is this test?

A peritoneal fluid bacterial culture is a laboratory test that detects and identifies bacteria in the fluid surrounding organs in your abdomen. Peritoneal fluid is normally a small amount of clear fluid that helps organs move smoothly. When this fluid becomes infected, it can cause a serious condition called peritonitis.

Why is this test performed?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms of an abdominal infection, such as severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, or a swollen abdomen. It is commonly performed when there is suspicion of peritonitis, a ruptured appendix, abdominal trauma, or infection following abdominal surgery.

How is the sample collected?

A healthcare provider will collect a sample of peritoneal fluid using a procedure called paracentesis (abdominal tap). A thin needle is inserted through the skin into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid. The area will be cleaned and numbed with local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. The sample is then placed in a sterile container and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

What happens in the laboratory?

In the lab, the fluid is placed in special culture dishes containing nutrients that allow bacteria to grow. The sample is incubated at body temperature for several days. If bacteria are present, they will multiply and form colonies that can be identified. Laboratory technicians then perform additional tests to determine exactly which type of bacteria is present and which antibiotics will be most effective in treating the infection.

Understanding your results

A negative result means no bacteria were found in the culture. This could mean there is no infection, or that the infection is caused by something other than bacteria (such as a virus or fungus). A positive result identifies the specific bacteria causing your infection, which helps your doctor prescribe the most appropriate treatment.