Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Bromocresol Purple Method)
This test measures the distribution of different protein fractions in your blood serum using electrophoresis with a bromocresol purple dye. It helps identify abnormalities in protein composition, such as those seen in conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or certain autoimmune disorders.
["This test helps doctors assess protein balance in your blood and spot potential health issues early."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 13994-9
- Short code
- UBGLOB
- Synonyms
- B-Globulin MFr Ur Elph
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- urine
- Container
- Sterile, leak-proof urine collection container; preferably a 24-hour urine container with preservative (thymol or toluene) if a timed collection is ordered
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 5
- Ref high
- 12
- Critical range
- 7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis
- CPT
- 84166
- SNOMED
- 104281000
- Specimen volume
- Minimum 10 mL for random urine; 24-hour collection requires the complete timed specimen with total volume recorded
- Stability
- Urine stable for 2-4 hours at room temperature; up to 7 days at 2-8°C; for prolonged storage, freeze at -20°C or below. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
- Hemolysis max
- 0
- Lipemia max
- 0
- Icterus max
- 0
- TAT
- 24–72 hours
- Order
- routine
What Proteins Does This Test Measure?
Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their size and electrical charge. The bromocresol purple dye binds to proteins differently, allowing for a visual breakdown of key protein groups: albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. Each band reflects the concentration and type of proteins present in your serum.
Why Might You Need This Test?
Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or chronic inflammation. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress in certain diseases.
How Is the Test Performed?
A small blood sample is drawn from your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood without clots) is then separated and placed in a gel or medium. An electric current is applied to separate proteins by size and charge. The bromocresol purple dye highlights protein bands, creating a pattern that’s analyzed by a lab.
What Do the Results Mean?
The results show the relative amounts of each protein group. Abnormal patterns may indicate too much or too little of certain proteins, which can signal underlying health issues. For example, a high gamma-globulin level might suggest an immune disorder, while an abnormal albumin level could point to liver or kidney problems.
Reference range
Beta globulin fraction is typically reported as a percentage of total urinary protein. Reference values are laboratory- and method-dependent; commonly, beta globulin represents a minor fraction (approximately 5-12%) of normal urinary proteins. Absolute beta globulin concentration is generally less than 2 mg/dL in normal urine. A 24-hour excretion of beta globulin is minimal in healthy individuals.N/A
No special preparation required. Patients should follow normal fluid intake unless otherwise instructed by their healthcare provider. Inform the laboratory of any current medications, as some drugs may affect urinary protein patterns.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
This test is critical for diagnosing and managing conditions affecting protein balance in the body. For instance, it can detect monoclonal proteins (seen in multiple myeloma), identify liver dysfunction by assessing albumin levels, or reveal inflammatory markers in autoimmune diseases. Regular monitoring of protein electrophoresis helps track disease progression or response to treatment.
Short name
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
What does a protein electrophoresis test measure?
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy