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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution that may signal conditions like infections, liver disease, or kidney problems."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
43836-6
Short code
BETAGLOB
Synonyms
B-Globulin SerPl Ql Elph
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Serum separator tube (SST) or red-top tube (no anticoagulant)
Units
N/A
Ref low
2.3
Ref high
4.4
Critical range
7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
CPT
84165
SNOMED
104080008
Specimen volume
1.0-2.0 mL of serum (minimum 0.5 mL)
Stability
Room temperature: 8 hours; Refrigerated (2-8°C): 7 days; Frozen (-20°C or below): 1 month
Hemolysis max
100
Lipemia max
50
Icterus max
50
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into five main fractions: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (immunoglobulins). Each fraction has distinct roles, such as supporting blood pressure (albumin) or fighting infections (immunoglobulins).

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions like chronic liver disease, kidney disease, multiple myeloma, or immune disorders. It can also help evaluate nutritional status or detect unusual protein patterns.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting) for analysis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your specific test instructions.

How Results Are Interpreted

Results show the relative amounts of each protein fraction. Abnormal shifts (e.g., high gamma globulins) may indicate immune system issues, while low albumin could signal liver or kidney disease. Your healthcare provider will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.

Reference range

Beta globulins are normally present in serum. Quantitative reference range: 2.3-4.4 g/dL (relative percentage: 8.5-14.5% of total protein)N/A

Specimen: serum

No special patient preparation required. Fasting is not necessary for serum protein electrophoresis.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What Does an Abnormal Result Mean?
An abnormal protein pattern can signal underlying health issues, such as chronic inflammation, liver dysfunction, or immune disorders. For example, elevated gamma globulins might suggest an autoimmune condition, while low albumin could indicate malnutrition or organ failure. Always discuss results with your doctor.
How Often Should I Get This Test?
The frequency depends on your health condition. Some patients may need this test yearly or more often if they have chronic diseases like liver disease or kidney problems. Follow your doctor’s recommendations for monitoring.
Can I Prepare for This Test?
Generally, no special preparation is needed, but avoid heavy meals or alcohol before the blood draw. If your doctor advises fasting, follow their instructions. Ask if you should stop any medications that might affect protein levels.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy