Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)
This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge.
["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal underlying health conditions."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 2872-0
- Short code
- SYBGLB
- Synonyms
- B-Globulin Snv Elph-mCnc
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- fluid
- Container
- Sterile, plain (no additive) collection tube; aliquot into a clean vial if synovial fluid analysis is performed separately
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis
- CPT
- 86335
- SNOMED
- 104936003
- Specimen volume
- 1-2 mL of synovial fluid minimum; 3-5 mL preferred for comprehensive electrophoretic analysis
- Stability
- Refrigerated (2-8°C): up to 7 days; Frozen (-20°C or lower): up to 4 weeks; Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
- Hemolysis max
- 300
- TAT
- 24–72 hours
- Order
- routine
What This Test Measures
Electrophoresis separates proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and molecular weight. The test detects variations in protein levels, such as albumin, globulins, and other fractions, which can be useful for diagnosing conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or immune disorders.
Why It’s Done
Your healthcare provider may order this test to investigate symptoms like fatigue, swelling, or unexplained weight changes. It’s also used to monitor conditions like kidney disease, infections, or certain cancers that affect protein production.
Common Conditions Monitored
Abnormal results may indicate conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, autoimmune disorders, or severe infections. Low albumin levels might suggest malnutrition or kidney problems.
Sample Collection & Preparation
A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum is separated from blood cells and prepared for electrophoresis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your provider’s instructions.
Reference range
Beta globulin fraction is interpreted qualitatively as a percentage of total protein; quantitative reference ranges are not well established for synovial fluid and are laboratory-specific.N/A
No special patient preparation required. Inform the ordering provider of any anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications prior to arthrocentesis.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
◆Associated findings1
Short name
Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
Abnormal protein patterns can reveal hidden health issues, such as an overproduction of certain proteins (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy) or imbalances in protein distribution (e.g., low albumin). This test is critical for early detection and guiding treatment plans for chronic diseases.
Results are usually available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow up with your healthcare provider to discuss any findings.
A qualitative test provides a descriptive pattern (e.g., abnormal bands, shifts in protein distribution) rather than exact numeric values. Your provider will interpret the results in context with your symptoms and medical history.
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy