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Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Count (with Differential)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number and types of cells found in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It helps assess for inflammation, infection, or other abnormalities in the central nervous system.

Quick summary

["Understanding your CSF cell count can help identify potential neurological issues early."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
51220-2
Short code
CD103CSF
Synonyms
CD103 Cells NFr CSF
Category
chemistry
Sample
csf
Container
Sterile CSF collection tubes (polypropylene); tube #3 or #4 typically preferred for cell analysis to minimize blood contamination
Units
N/A
Ref low
0
Ref high
1
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
Flow Cytometry with Immunophenotyping using CD103 monoclonal antibodies
CPT
88184
SNOMED
395145001
Specimen volume
1-2 mL of cerebrospinal fluid; minimum 0.5 mL required for flow cytometric analysis
Stability
Must be processed within 1-2 hours of collection at room temperature (18-25°C). Do not refrigerate or freeze as cell viability is rapidly compromised. If delay is anticipated, use RPMI or tissue culture medium preservation.
Hemolysis max
200
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Doctors may order this test if you have symptoms like headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, fever, or neurological problems (e.g., seizures, numbness, or vision changes). It’s also used to monitor conditions like meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or brain tumors.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll likely have a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), where a small needle is inserted into your lower back to collect CSF. The procedure is usually quick and may cause mild discomfort. You may be asked to lie still afterward.

What the Results Mean

Normal results typically show few to no white blood cells (indicating no infection or inflammation) and mostly red blood cells (from minor trauma during the procedure). Abnormal results may show high white blood cells (infection/inflammation), high red blood cells (bleeding), or unusual cell types (e.g., cancer cells).

Common Conditions Affecting Results

High white blood cell counts can signal infections (e.g., bacterial or viral meningitis), autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), or brain injuries. High red blood cells may indicate bleeding into the CSF or trauma. Low cell counts may suggest normal pressure or certain neurological disorders.

Reference range

CD103+ cells are typically absent or present in very low numbers (<1%) in normal cerebrospinal fluid. Reference ranges are laboratory-specific and should be interpreted in clinical context. Results reported as percentage of lymphocytes or absolute count per microliter.N/A

Specimen: csf

No special patient preparation required. Lumbar puncture should be performed under sterile conditions by qualified personnel. Inform the ordering physician of any bleeding disorders, anticoagulant use, or skin infections at puncture site.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test is critical for diagnosing and guiding treatment for conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord, such as infections, tumors, or inflammatory diseases. Early detection can improve outcomes and guide targeted therapies.

Short name

CSF Cell Count (Differential)

Frequently asked questions

What does a normal CSF cell count look like?
A normal CSF cell count generally has very few white blood cells (usually 0–5 per microliter) and minimal red blood cells (usually 0–100 per microliter). The differential count helps identify the types of white blood cells present, which can indicate the underlying cause.
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Results are typically available within a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the lab and whether additional tests (like cultures or imaging) are needed. Your doctor will discuss findings during your follow-up visit.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
You can usually eat and drink normally before the test unless instructed otherwise. Avoid caffeine or alcohol in the hours leading up to the procedure, as they may affect your symptoms or procedure comfort.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy