Skip to content

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Count (with Differential)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number of cells in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including white blood cells, and helps identify the types of cells present. It’s often used to check for infections, inflammation, or other conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord.

Quick summary

["A CSF cell count helps diagnose neurological issues by examining fluid around your brain and spinal cord."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
42864-9
Short code
CD103BF
Synonyms
CD103 Cells NFr Fld
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Sterile body fluid collection container (e.g., sterile screw-cap tube); for cell surface marker analysis, collect in heparinized tube or transport medium to preserve cell viability
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
Flow cytometry with fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining against CD103 (integrin αEβ7)
CPT
88184 (Flow cytometry, cell surface, cytoplasmic, or nuclear marker; first marker) plus 88185 for each additional marker
SNOMED
413530006
Specimen volume
1-5 mL of body fluid depending on fluid type and cellularity; minimum 1 mL recommended for flow cytometric analysis
Stability
Specimen should be processed within 2-4 hours of collection for optimal cell viability; refrigerate at 2-8°C if processing is delayed; do not freeze
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
24–72 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, fever, or neurological problems. It’s also used to monitor conditions such as meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or brain tumors. Sometimes, it’s part of a routine checkup if you’re at higher risk for certain conditions.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll likely have a small needle inserted into your back to collect CSF. The procedure is quick and usually painless. You may feel a slight pinch, but you’ll be awake during it. No special preparation is needed, but let your doctor know if you’re on blood thinners or have bleeding disorders.

What Happens During the Test

A healthcare provider will insert a needle into your lower back to collect fluid from your spinal canal. The fluid is then sent to a lab for analysis. The test takes about 15–30 minutes, and you’ll be able to go home afterward with instructions to rest for a short time.

What the Results Mean

The results show the number of cells (like white blood cells, red blood cells, and other types) in the fluid. High white blood cell counts may indicate infection or inflammation, while abnormal cell types could suggest conditions like multiple sclerosis or bleeding. Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.

Reference range

Reference values vary by body fluid type and clinical context; interpretation should be made by a qualified pathologist in conjunction with clinical findings. Typically reported as percentage of total lymphocytes and/or absolute count.N/A

Specimen: serum

No special patient preparation required. Inform the laboratory of any recent immunotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as these may affect CD103 expression patterns.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

CSF Cell Count

Frequently asked questions

What could cause abnormal results?
Abnormal cell counts in CSF can signal infections (like meningitis), autoimmune diseases (like multiple sclerosis), bleeding in the brain, or other neurological issues. For example, high white blood cells often point to infection, while unusual cell types might suggest demyelination or tumors.
How often is this test repeated?
Your doctor may repeat this test if initial results are unclear or if symptoms persist. Follow-up tests could involve additional CSF checks, imaging, or other diagnostic procedures to get a full picture.
Can I eat or drink before the test?
You can eat and drink normally before the test unless your doctor advises otherwise. No fasting is required, but let them know if you’re on any medications that might affect the procedure.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy