Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Differential Count (with White Blood Cell Count)

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, or neurological problems that could suggest conditions such as meningitis, brain tumors, or multiple sclerosis. It’s also used to monitor conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome or to check for bleeding in the brain.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll likely have a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) where a small needle is inserted into your lower back to collect CSF. You may feel mild pressure or discomfort, but it’s usually quick and done in a hospital or clinic setting. No special preparation is needed, but inform your doctor about any medications you’re taking.

What the Results Mean

The test looks at the types of cells (e.g., white blood cells, red blood cells, or other cells like lymphocytes or monocytes) and their proportions. High white blood cell counts may indicate infection, while abnormal cell types could signal conditions like tumors or demyelination.

Common Conditions This Test Helps Diagnose

This test is critical for diagnosing infections like bacterial or viral meningitis, inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, bleeding in the brain, or other neurological disorders. It helps doctors determine the best course of treatment by providing detailed insights into the CSF environment.