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CBC with Differential (Cell Count and Differential Blood Count)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the types, counts, and percentages of different white blood cells (leukocytes) in your blood, along with red blood cells and platelets. It helps assess your immune system, blood health, and overall wellness.

Quick summary

["This test provides critical insights into your blood’s cellular composition and potential health risks."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
59141-2
Short code
CD11cCD103
Synonyms
CD11c-CD103+ Cells NFr Bld
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
EDTA (lavender-top) blood collection tube; sodium heparin (green-top) tube is also acceptable for flow cytometry applications
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
≥ 1 years
Method
Flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies against CD11c and CD103 surface markers, with subsequent gating and enumeration by multiparameter analysis
CPT
86356
SNOMED
395130008
Specimen volume
3-5 mL of whole blood for adult samples; minimum 1 mL for pediatric samples
Stability
Specimen should be processed within 24-48 hours of collection when stored at room temperature (18-25°C); do not refrigerate as this may affect cell viability and marker expression
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
24–72 hours
Order
routine

What Does the Differential Count Measure?

The differential count breaks down the types of white blood cells (WBCs) in your blood, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Each type plays a unique role in your immune response, infection fighting, or inflammation. For example, high neutrophils might indicate infection, while high lymphocytes could suggest immune activity or certain conditions like leukemia.

Why Is This Test Important?

A CBC with differential helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions like infections, blood disorders (such as anemia or leukemia), autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory conditions. It also guides treatment decisions, especially for patients undergoing chemotherapy or receiving immune-modulating therapies.

How Is This Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The blood is then analyzed under a microscope to count and classify the different cell types. Modern labs use automated machines to process and report the results quickly and accurately.

Common Uses and When to Expect This Test

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like frequent infections, fatigue, easy bruising, unexplained weight loss, or if you’re undergoing treatment for cancer, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions affecting blood cells. It’s also part of routine check-ups for certain high-risk groups.

Reference range

Reference ranges are laboratory-specific and should be interpreted within the context of the institution's established normal values; results are typically reported as percentage of total leukocytes or absolute count per microliterN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special patient preparation required; however, recent immunomodulatory therapy, chemotherapy, or immunosuppressive medications may affect results and should be documented

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Complete Blood Count with Differential

Frequently asked questions

What Does a Low or High Differential Count Mean?
A low differential count (e.g., fewer neutrophils) may suggest immune deficiency, chemotherapy side effects, or viral infections. A high differential count (e.g., many immature neutrophils) could indicate severe infection, inflammation, or stress responses like sepsis or trauma.
How Often Should I Get This Test?
Frequency depends on your health status. Routine adults may not need it unless they have risk factors (e.g., chronic illness, chemotherapy). Patients with ongoing conditions like cancer or autoimmune diseases may need it more often, as recommended by their doctor.
Can I Prepare for This Test?
No special preparation is needed. Avoid heavy meals or strenuous activity before the draw, but rest assured—this is a standard, non-invasive procedure.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy