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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Cell Count with Differential Analysis

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number and types of cells found in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It helps identify inflammation, infection, or other conditions affecting the central nervous system.

Quick summary

["Assesses brain and spinal cord health by examining fluid and cell types."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
59136-2
Short code
CD11CD103BM
Synonyms
CD11c+CD103+ Cells NFr Mar
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
EDTA or heparin anticoagulant tube for bone marrow aspirate; sodium heparin preferred for flow cytometry viability
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
≥ 0 years
Method
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping
CPT
88184
SNOMED
444981005
Specimen volume
1-3 mL of bone marrow aspirate collected in anticoagulant tube; minimum 0.5 mL required
Stability
Specimen should be processed within 24 hours of collection when stored at room temperature (18-25°C); viability decreases significantly beyond 48 hours. Refrigeration (2-8°C) is not recommended for flow cytometry samples.
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
24–72 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms like headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, or neurological issues. It may also be used before spinal taps or to monitor conditions like meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or brain tumors.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a mild headache afterward, but this usually goes away quickly. If you’re on blood thinners, let your doctor know before the procedure.

What Happens During the Test

A healthcare provider will insert a needle into your lower back to collect CSF. You may feel a brief pinch, but the procedure is quick. The sample is then sent to the lab for analysis.

What the Results Mean

Results show the total cell count and the proportion of different cell types (e.g., white blood cells, red blood cells, or specialized immune cells). Abnormal counts can signal infections, bleeding, or other neurological issues.

Reference range

Reference ranges vary by laboratory; results expressed as percentage of total bone marrow mononuclear cells or absolute count. CD11c+CD103+ dendritic cell populations in normal bone marrow are typically reported as low percentages of total nucleated cells.N/A

Specimen: serum

No fasting required. Patient should be well-hydrated. Inform the ordering physician of any recent immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy, or bone marrow-modifying medications prior to specimen collection.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

High white blood cell counts often indicate infections (e.g., bacterial meningitis) or inflammatory diseases. Elevated red blood cells may suggest bleeding into the CSF. A high number of specific immune cells (e.g., lymphocytes) can point to autoimmune disorders or tumors. Always discuss results with your doctor for personalized interpretation.

Short name

CSF Cell Count

Frequently asked questions

What does a normal result mean?
A normal result typically shows a low cell count (mostly white blood cells) with no red blood cells or abnormal cell types. This suggests healthy fluid composition, but your doctor will consider your symptoms and medical history.
Your doctor will determine frequency based on your symptoms, diagnosis, or treatment plan. It may be done once or repeated over time if monitoring a condition.
You can eat and drink normally before the test unless instructed otherwise. Avoid caffeine or alcohol before the procedure to reduce the chance of a headache afterward.
Is there any risk or discomfort?
Most people experience mild discomfort or a headache afterward, which usually resolves within hours. Rarely, complications like infection or nerve damage may occur, but serious risks are uncommon with proper care.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy