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Total Protein with Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures your blood’s total protein levels and evaluates the balance between albumin and globulin proteins, which can help assess overall protein status and potential immune or liver function issues.

Quick summary

["Understanding your protein balance may help identify health concerns like malnutrition, infections, or liver disease."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
47020-3
Short code
CD99
Synonyms
CD99 Ag Tiss Ql ImStn
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Sterile, leak-proof specimen container with 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine IHC; or saline for fresh tissue; or frozen section container for intraoperative consultation
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
0–120 years
Method
immune-stain
CPT
88342
SNOMED
250451007
Specimen volume
Tissue biopsy or resection specimen of adequate size for processing (minimum 0.3 cm³ recommended); multiple sections may be required
Stability
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks: stable indefinitely at room temperature. Fresh tissue: stable up to 24 hours at 2-8°C. Cut tissue sections on slides: stable for 6 months at room temperature
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
24–72 hours
Order
routine

What Is Measured?

Your blood sample is analyzed to determine two key components: total protein (sum of albumin and globulin) and the ratio between albumin and globulin. Albumin is a protein that helps maintain fluid balance in your body, while globulins support immune function and transport certain substances.

Why It Matters in Your Health

Total protein levels can indicate whether you have enough proteins to support your body’s needs. An abnormal ratio may suggest conditions like chronic inflammation, liver disease, or kidney problems. Albumin levels, in particular, can drop if you’re not eating enough protein or if your body isn’t absorbing it properly.

How the Test Works

Your blood sample is drawn and processed to separate proteins. The test measures the concentration of albumin and globulin proteins using a method like nephelometry or turbidimetry, which detects how these proteins scatter light. The ratio is then calculated to provide insight into your protein balance.

Common Reasons for Testing

Doctors may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, swelling, or signs of liver/kidney issues. It can also be part of routine checks for people with chronic illnesses like diabetes or autoimmune diseases.

Reference range

Negative (No detectable CD99 antigen expression). Positive staining shows characteristic membranous pattern in tumor cells. Results reported as Positive, Negative, or with staining intensity score (1+ to 3+).N/A

Specimen: serum

No special patient preparation required for tissue specimens. Surgical or biopsy tissue must be properly fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Fresh tissue should be delivered to pathology promptly.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Profile Test

Frequently asked questions

What does a low total protein level mean?
A low total protein level may suggest conditions like malnutrition, liver disease, or kidney problems. It can also occur if your body isn’t producing enough proteins or if you’re losing protein through urine (e.g., kidney disease). Your doctor may recommend dietary changes, further testing, or treatment to address the underlying cause.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1 to 3 business days, depending on your lab’s processing schedule. Some labs may offer same-day or next-day results for urgent cases. Your healthcare provider will discuss the findings with you during your follow-up visit.
Can diet affect protein test results?
Yes, diet can influence protein levels. Eating a balanced diet rich in high-quality proteins (like lean meats, fish, eggs, or plant-based sources) supports normal protein production. Avoiding excessive alcohol or certain medications (e.g., diuretics) may also help maintain stable results. Always follow your doctor’s advice regarding pre-test dietary restrictions.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy