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Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Count with Differential and Glucose Profile

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number of white blood cells, their types, and glucose levels in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds your brain and spinal cord. It helps assess conditions affecting the central nervous system.

Quick summary

["This test provides critical insights into inflammation, infection, or other issues in your brain or spinal cord fluid."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
54230-8
Short code
Cell cnt & Diff Pnl with Glu & Prot CSF
Synonyms
Cell cnt & Diff Pnl with Glu & Prot CSF
Category
glucose
Sample
csf
Container
Sterile tube
Units
N/A
Fasting
true
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
1-2 mL
Stability
Immediate analysis required, Refrigerated: 1h
Hemolysis max
200
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)?

CSF is a clear fluid that cushions your brain and spinal cord, protecting them from injury. It also carries nutrients and removes waste. When your doctor orders this test, they’re checking for abnormalities in this fluid that could signal problems like infections, bleeding, or swelling.

Why Might You Need This Test?

You may need this test if you have symptoms like headaches, neck stiffness, fever, confusion, or neurological issues (e.g., numbness, weakness). Doctors also use it to monitor conditions like meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or tumors.

What Does the Test Measure?

The test includes three main parts: (1) **Cell count** (total white blood cells in CSF), (2) **Differential count** (types of white blood cells, like lymphocytes, neutrophils, or monocytes), and (3) **Glucose levels** (to compare with your blood glucose).

How Is the Test Performed?

A doctor will perform a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect a small sample of CSF. You’ll lie on your side, and the doctor will insert a needle into your lower back. The procedure is quick but may cause mild discomfort.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

CSF Cell Count & Glucose

Frequently asked questions

How can abnormal results affect my health?
High white blood cell counts (especially lymphocytes) may indicate infections (e.g., meningitis), while high neutrophils could suggest bacterial infections. Elevated glucose in CSF (lower than blood) may signal diabetes or other metabolic issues. A high protein level or abnormal cell types could point to conditions like multiple sclerosis or tumors.
What does a normal result mean?
A normal result typically shows a low cell count (fewer than 5 white blood cells per microliter), normal glucose levels (similar to blood), and no unusual cell types. However, normal ranges can vary based on your health and the doctor’s specific criteria.
How long will I need to wait for results?
Results are usually available within 1–2 business days, depending on your lab. Follow up with your doctor to discuss any findings and next steps.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy