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Immunoassay for Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies (AMA-M2) in Serum/Plasma

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures antibodies directed against mitochondrial proteins, often used to diagnose primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a rare autoimmune liver disease.

Quick summary

["Helps diagnose liver conditions by detecting specific immune responses to liver cells."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
43053-8
Short code
C immitis Ab Titr Plr
Synonyms
C immitis Ab Titr Plr
Category
chemistry
Sample
fluid
Container
Sterile tube
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
2-5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
300
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks bile ducts in the liver, leading to inflammation, scarring, and potential liver damage. Detecting AMA-M2 antibodies early can confirm PBC and guide treatment decisions.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll provide a blood sample (serum or plasma) during a routine clinic or lab visit. The test is typically done in the morning for consistency, but timing isn’t critical.

How the Test Works

Blood is drawn and tested using an immunoassay method to detect the presence of AMA-M2 antibodies. This method uses labeled antibodies to identify your immune system’s reaction to mitochondrial proteins in your blood.

What the Results Mean

Positive results strongly suggest PBC, but they can also occur in other autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. Your doctor will interpret results alongside clinical findings, liver function tests, and other diagnostic tests.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

AMA-M2 Antibody Test

Frequently asked questions

What are the normal reference ranges for this test?
There are no universally standardized reference ranges for AMA-M2 antibodies because results vary by lab and test sensitivity. A positive result is typically defined as ≥1:10 or higher dilution, but confirmatory testing may be needed for diagnosis.
Can false positives occur with this test?
Yes, false positives can happen, especially in people with other autoimmune diseases or infections. Your doctor will evaluate results in the context of your symptoms, liver tests, and other diagnostic criteria to avoid misdiagnosis.
Is this test covered by insurance?
Most insurance plans cover this test if it’s ordered as part of diagnosing or managing PBC or other liver conditions. Check with your insurance provider for specifics, as coverage may vary.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy