Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into three main zones: albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct functions, such as transporting nutrients, fighting infections, or maintaining fluid balance. Abnormal patterns may indicate underlying health issues.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn and placed in a gel or paper strip. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to move toward the opposite charge. After separation, the proteins are stained to visualize bands, which are then analyzed for distribution and concentration.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Doctors use protein electrophoresis to diagnose conditions like multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), kidney disease (e.g., nephrotic syndrome), or inflammatory disorders. It may also help monitor treatment progress or identify hidden protein abnormalities.

Common Conditions Linked to Abnormal Results

Results may show elevated or low levels of specific protein bands. For example, a spike in gamma-globulins could suggest monoclonal gammopathy (e.g., multiple myeloma), while abnormal alpha- or beta-globulin patterns may point to liver or kidney dysfunction.