Protein Electrophoresis Panel, Serum or Plasma, with Immunofixation

What This Test Measures

A blood sample is processed so its proteins are sorted into bands by an electrical field, a technique called electrophoresis. The pattern of bands shows the relative amounts of albumin and the various globulin proteins. If a band looks unusual, a second technique called immunofixation is used to identify which type of antibody protein it is.

Why Your Clinician May Order It

The panel is commonly ordered when a person has symptoms or lab findings that could point to an abnormal antibody protein, such as unexplained anemia, high blood calcium, kidney problems, frequent infections, or nerve symptoms. It may also be used to monitor a known condition over time or to help investigate an unusual total protein or globulin result.

How the Sample Is Collected

A routine blood draw from a vein in your arm is used. No special preparation is usually required, although your clinician will tell you if any medications or timing considerations apply. Tell your care team about medicines you take and any recent treatments, such as antibody therapies, that could affect the results.

Understanding the Results

Your report describes the protein pattern and, if needed, the type of abnormal protein found. Results are interpreted together with your symptoms, physical exam, and other laboratory tests. A normal pattern is reassuring, but an abnormal result does not by itself confirm a diagnosis; your clinician will explain what the findings mean for you. Reference ranges vary by laboratory.