Cortisol, Free (Saliva)

Why This Test Is Done

Saliva cortisol testing is often used to diagnose conditions like Cushing’s syndrome (overproduction of cortisol) or Addison’s disease (underproduction of cortisol). It may also be used to evaluate chronic stress responses or monitor treatment for hormone-related disorders. Unlike blood tests, saliva cortisol measures free cortisol, which reflects natural hormone levels without interference from proteins in the blood.

How the Test Works

You’ll collect saliva samples at specific times (often morning and evening) over 24 hours. Each sample is analyzed to determine cortisol concentration. The results are compared to typical patterns to identify abnormalities in cortisol secretion.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but avoid caffeine, nicotine, or oral medications (like birth control) 24 hours before testing. Stressful activities or events may affect cortisol levels, so try to maintain normal daily routines.

What the Results Mean

Results are interpreted based on typical 24-hour cortisol patterns. Elevated levels may suggest Cushing’s syndrome or excessive stress, while low levels could indicate Addison’s disease or pituitary issues. Your healthcare provider will discuss findings with you.