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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Total Cell Count (with Differential)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number of cells in your cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord) and breaks them down into different types (e.g., white blood cells, red blood cells). It helps assess conditions affecting your nervous system.

Quick summary

["A CSF cell count helps diagnose and monitor conditions like infections, inflammation, or bleeding in the brain/spinal cord."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
104870-1
Short code
CT C-spine in Surg
Synonyms
CT C-spine in Surg
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ct
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like severe headaches, neck stiffness, fever, confusion, or neurological problems. It’s often used to investigate conditions such as meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or traumatic brain injury.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll lie on your back with your head tilted back in a special machine called a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). A doctor inserts a needle into your lower back to collect CSF. The procedure takes about 20–30 minutes and may cause mild discomfort.

What the Results Mean

High cell counts (especially white blood cells) may indicate infections (e.g., bacterial or viral meningitis), inflammation, or autoimmune diseases. High red blood cells could suggest bleeding. Normal results mean no obvious abnormalities in the fluid.

Possible Risks and Side Effects

Risks are rare but may include headaches, mild pain, or temporary nerve numbness. Infection at the injection site is possible but uncommon with sterile techniques.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

CSF Cell Count

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results after the test?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing and your doctor’s request for additional testing (e.g., cultures).
Will I need to prepare for this test?
No special preparation is needed, but avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for 24 hours afterward to reduce headache risk.
Can I take pain relievers before the procedure?
Yes, but avoid NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) 48 hours before the test, as they may affect blood cell counts in the CSF.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy