Endometrial Cytology (Cellular Analysis of the Uterine Lining)

What Is Endometrial Cytology Used For?

Endometrial cytology is primarily used to diagnose conditions affecting the uterine lining. It may be recommended if you have symptoms like abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or if you’re at higher risk for uterine abnormalities. This test can also help monitor conditions like endometrial hyperplasia or assess post-treatment outcomes in cases of known uterine issues.

How Is the Test Performed?

A healthcare provider collects cells from your uterine lining using a small brush or spatula during a procedure called a **dilation and curettage (D&C)** or sometimes through a simple swab during a pelvic exam. The cells are then analyzed under a microscope to identify any irregularities.

Preparation and Risks

No special preparation is needed, but you may be asked to avoid certain medications or procedures before the test. Common risks include mild cramping, bleeding, or infection, though serious complications are rare.

What Do Results Mean?

Results are interpreted by a pathologist and categorized into different classifications (e.g., normal, atypical, suspicious for malignancy). Abnormal findings may prompt further testing, such as additional biopsies or imaging, to investigate underlying causes.