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Pap Smear (Cervical Cytology)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

A Pap smear is a simple test that collects cells from your cervix to check for abnormalities that could indicate conditions like cervical cancer or human papillomavirus (HPV). It’s a routine screening tool for women.

Quick summary

["This test helps detect early signs of cervical health issues that may need further evaluation."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
50007-4
Short code
Cytology BAL Doc Cyto
Synonyms
Cytology BAL Doc Cyto
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
cyto-stain
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may recommend a Pap smear as part of regular cervical cancer screening, especially if you're between the ages of 21 and 65. It’s also performed during certain medical procedures or if you have symptoms like unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding.

How Is the Test Performed?

During the test, you’ll lie down on an exam table, and a healthcare provider will gently insert a speculum into your vagina to hold it open. A small brush or spatula will collect cells from your cervix. The process usually takes a few minutes and doesn’t cause pain.

What Happens After the Test?

You can return to your normal activities immediately. The collected cells are sent to a lab for microscopic examination to identify any abnormal cells or signs of infection.

What Are the Possible Results?

Results can range from normal (no abnormalities found) to showing low-grade or high-grade changes, inflammation, or infection. Follow-up tests or treatments may be recommended based on the findings.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test plays a crucial role in early detection of cervical cancer and other conditions. Regular Pap smears can significantly reduce the risk of missed diagnoses, allowing for timely medical intervention if needed.

Short name

Pap Test

Frequently asked questions

What does a Pap smear test for?
A Pap smear checks for abnormal cell changes on your cervix, which could be caused by infections like HPV or other factors. It helps identify precancerous changes or cancer early.
How often should I get a Pap smear?
The frequency depends on your age, medical history, and healthcare provider’s recommendations. Typically, women aged 21 to 65 are advised to get tested every 3 years if results are normal. Discuss your schedule with your doctor.
Can a Pap smear hurt?
Most women experience minimal discomfort or no pain during the procedure. Some may feel slight cramping or pressure, but it’s usually brief and not severe.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy