Cytology Examination of Fluid (Cellular Analysis of Body Fluid)

Why Is This Test Done?

Your doctor may order this test if they suspect a condition such as cancer (e.g., lymphoma, leukemia), an infection, or a benign growth (e.g., cyst). It’s often used to investigate symptoms like unexplained lumps, persistent pain, or abnormal fluid collections in the body.

What Does the Test Involve?

A small sample of fluid is collected—typically through a needle or aspiration—and sent to a lab. The sample is then examined under a microscope to identify and count different cell types. If cancerous cells are found, additional tests (like biopsies) may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

What Are Common Specimens Used?

Common fluids tested include: • Amniotic fluid (for prenatal screening) • Ascitic fluid (from abdominal swelling) • Synovial fluid (from joints) • Pleural fluid (from chest swelling) • Cyst fluid (from cysts like ovarian cysts) • Fine-needle aspirate samples from suspicious lumps.

What Are Possible Results?

Results can be qualitative (describing cell types, e.g., ‘normal’ vs. ‘abnormal’ or ‘malignant’) or semi-quantitative (counting cells). Abnormal findings may prompt further testing, such as biopsies or genetic testing, to determine the exact cause.