Urine Cytology (Cellular Examination)

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms like blood in your urine, frequent urination, pain during urination, or if you’re at higher risk for urinary tract or bladder cancer. It can also be used as part of a routine screening for certain conditions or after treatment for cancer to monitor for recurrence.

The test involves collecting a urine sample, which is then examined under a microscope by a trained pathologist. No special preparation is needed, but you may be asked to urinate into a clean container.

The test looks for abnormal cells, such as squamous cells (common in the urinary tract), transitional cells (often found in the bladder), or other types that might indicate infection, inflammation, or malignancy.

Urine is typically collected in the morning for the best cell yield. The sample is sent to a lab, where it may be centrifuged to concentrate cells, then prepared for microscopic examination.

The lab technician may also use special stains to highlight certain cells or structures, aiding in the evaluation.

Results can range from normal (no abnormal cells detected) to positive for abnormal cells, which may require further testing or evaluation by a specialist.

Abnormal findings could suggest conditions like bladder cancer, urinary tract infections, or other urinary system issues. Your doctor will discuss the results with you and determine the next steps.