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HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmation (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This blood test checks for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your immune system makes in response to the virus. Antibodies can appear in your blood after infection, helping your body fight the virus.

Quick summary

["This test helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV, even if you haven’t yet shown symptoms."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49965-7
Short code
Deprecated HIV1 Ab/HIV 2 Ab Ser IB-Rto
Synonyms
Deprecated HIV1 Ab/HIV 2 Ab Ser IB-Rto
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have risk factors for HIV, such as unprotected sex, sharing needles, or living with someone who has HIV. It’s also used during routine check-ups for people at higher risk. Some doctors suggest testing if you have symptoms like fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss that could be linked to infections.

How the Test Works

The test uses a small blood sample drawn from your arm. The blood is tested for HIV antibodies using immunoassay methods, which detect proteins your body produces in response to the virus. The results help determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may want to drink water before the test to help reduce any discomfort from the needle. Wear comfortable clothing that allows easy access to your arm.

What to Expect During the Test

A healthcare professional will clean your arm with an antiseptic, insert a small needle into a vein, and draw a few drops of blood. The process usually takes about 5 minutes. You may feel a slight pinch, but most people find it quick and not very painful.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Positive results indicate the presence of HIV antibodies, suggesting past or current infection. A negative result means no detectable antibodies at the time of testing, but HIV can still be present if the infection is very recent. Follow-up testing may be needed for confirmation. Early detection is crucial for managing the virus and preventing complications.

Short name

HIV Antibody Test

Frequently asked questions

What Does a Positive Result Mean?
A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HIV, which means you may have been infected. You should contact your healthcare provider immediately to discuss next steps, including starting treatment if needed. They may recommend additional tests to confirm the result and guide you through next steps for care and support.
What If I Get a Negative Result?
A negative result means no HIV antibodies were found in your blood at the time of testing. However, HIV can sometimes take weeks or months to produce detectable antibodies. If you have risk factors for HIV, your healthcare provider may recommend retesting in a few months to ensure accuracy. If you’re concerned, discuss your risk factors and next steps with them.
How Often Should I Get Tested?
The frequency of testing depends on your risk factors. People with higher risk behaviors (like unprotected sex or sharing needles) should be tested at least once a year. If you’re pregnant, your healthcare provider may recommend testing during your first prenatal visit. If you’re unsure about your risk, ask your doctor how often you should get tested.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy