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Protein Electrophoresis (Serum or Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, helping identify abnormalities in protein distribution that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems.

Quick summary

["Protein electrophoresis helps diagnose and monitor certain blood disorders by revealing unusual protein patterns."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5979-0
Short code
Deprecated PAI2 Ag PPP Imm-aCnc
Synonyms
Deprecated PAI2 Ag PPP Imm-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
plasma
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA) or Green-top (Heparin)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
imm
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into fractions based on size and electrical charge. Key components include albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other proteins like fibrinogen. Abnormal separations may signal conditions affecting protein production or breakdown.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic liver disease.

Sample Collection and Preparation

Blood is drawn from a vein (usually in your arm) and sent to a lab. The blood is then separated into serum or plasma, which is analyzed using gel electrophoresis. Results are compared to expected patterns for your age and health status.

Interpreting Results

Results show the distribution of proteins across different bands. For example, a spike in one band might indicate a monoclonal protein (seen in multiple myeloma), while altered albumin/globulin ratios could suggest liver or kidney issues. Your provider will discuss findings in context with your symptoms and medical history.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a protein electrophoresis test measure?
It measures the types, amounts, and distribution of proteins in your blood, including albumin, globulins, and potential abnormal proteins like monoclonal spikes.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your provider will contact you once they’re ready.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required, but avoid alcohol for 24 hours before testing to ensure accurate results. Follow any specific instructions your provider gives you.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy