Protein Electrophoresis, Serum (Qualitative) – Total Protein and Fraction Distribution

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test to check for abnormal protein patterns that could indicate diseases such as multiple myeloma, kidney problems, or liver disorders. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress or evaluate symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight changes.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll have a small needle inserted into a vein (usually in your arm) to draw blood. The process takes about 5 minutes. If you’re nervous, let your provider know—you can use numbing cream or ask about sedation options.

What Happens During the Test

Your blood sample is placed on a gel and separated into different protein fractions using an electric current. Afterward, a dye stains the proteins, revealing bands that represent various protein types (e.g., albumin, globulins). The results are interpreted by a lab specialist.

What the Results Mean

Results show the distribution of proteins, such as high or low levels of albumin (often linked to kidney or liver disease) or unusual patterns of globulins (which may indicate immune system disorders). Your provider will discuss findings in relation to your symptoms and medical history.