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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
17616-4
Short code
Deprecated S pneum12f Ab Ser-Rto
Synonyms
Deprecated S pneum12f Ab Ser-Rto
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct functions, such as immune defense or blood clotting. Abnormal patterns may indicate underlying health issues.

Common Conditions Evaluated

This test is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), liver disease, kidney disease, or inflammatory disorders. It can also help assess protein malnutrition or certain autoimmune conditions.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is drawn and mixed with a special solution. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to move toward opposite charges. The separated proteins are then visualized on a gel or paper strip to create a protein profile.

Sample Preparation

No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on the lab’s protocol. Wear a hospital gown for comfort during the blood draw.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

Why might my doctor order this test?
Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, or swelling. It’s also used as part of routine monitoring for conditions like multiple myeloma or liver/kidney disease.
What are the typical results?
Results show the relative amounts of each protein zone. Normal results have balanced protein levels, while abnormal patterns (e.g., spikes in gamma globulins or low albumin) may require further testing.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are usually available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up may include additional tests if abnormalities are detected.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy