Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands, each representing different protein families. Key components include albumin (the most abundant protein), globulins (which include antibodies and other immune proteins), and alpha, beta, and gamma fractions. Abnormal band patterns may indicate underlying health issues.

Why Might You Need This Test?

This test is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, kidney disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It can also help assess protein malnutrition or detect unusual protein levels that may signal hidden health problems.

Sample Preparation and Testing Process

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum (liquid part after clotting) is prepared for testing. The serum is placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate to different positions based on their electrical charge and size. The resulting pattern is analyzed to identify any abnormal protein distributions.

What Are Common Findings?

Normal results show a balanced distribution of albumin and globulins. Abnormal findings might include a spike in a specific protein band (e.g., monoclonal spikes in multiple myeloma), reduced albumin levels, or unusual globulin patterns that could signal immune system dysfunction or organ disease.