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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and electrical charge.

Quick summary

["This helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders affecting protein production."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
17621-4
Short code
Deprecated S pneum18c Ab sp2 Ser-aCnc
Synonyms
Deprecated S pneum18c Ab sp2 Ser-aCnc
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands, each representing a group of proteins with similar electrical charges. Key zones include albumin (fast-moving), alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins (antibodies). Abnormal bands or shifts may indicate underlying health issues.

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn, and serum is separated. The serum is then placed in an electric field to move proteins toward opposite charges. A gel or membrane captures the separation, creating a visual profile of protein distribution.

When Might You Need This Test?

This test is often ordered to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or when other blood tests suggest protein abnormalities. It may also be used in monitoring conditions like multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases.

What Could Abnormal Results Mean?

Abnormal patterns may show increased or decreased protein levels in specific zones. For example, a spike in gamma-globulins could suggest a high antibody response, while a lack of albumin might indicate liver or kidney problems.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Qualitative Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

Why was I asked to have this test?
Your healthcare provider may have ordered this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained fatigue, swelling, or changes in blood test results. It helps assess protein levels in your blood that could indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.
What does the test involve?
You’ll have a small needle inserted to draw blood from a vein. The blood is then processed to separate serum, which is analyzed using electrophoresis to separate proteins. The results show a visual profile of your protein distribution, which your doctor will review.
How soon will I get my results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your doctor will discuss the findings with you during your follow-up visit.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy