Skip to content

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) Serum Concentration

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the level of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, a protein produced by the liver that helps protect the lungs from damage caused by enzymes released during inflammation.

Quick summary

["Alpha-1 Antitrypsin levels can help identify risks for lung diseases like emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49808-9
Short code
Deprecated S pneum23 Ab sp2 Ser IA-aCnc
Synonyms
Deprecated S pneum23 Ab sp2 Ser IA-aCnc
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have a family history of lung diseases, symptoms like chronic cough or shortness of breath, or if you have conditions like cystic fibrosis or liver disease. It can also be part of screening for genetic disorders affecting this protein.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. The process usually takes a few minutes. If you’re on blood thinners, let your doctor know before the test.

What the Test Results Mean

Lower than normal levels may indicate a genetic disorder (like Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency) or liver disease. Higher levels might be seen in certain infections or inflammatory conditions, but this is less common. Your doctor will discuss results in the context of your health.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is primarily used to diagnose or monitor Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, a condition that can lead to lung diseases or liver problems over time. It’s also important for patients with a family history of these conditions.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Low levels of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin can weaken lung tissue, increasing the risk of emphysema or COPD. It may also affect the liver, leading to cirrhosis or other liver diseases. Early detection through this test can help manage symptoms and prevent complications by guiding treatment plans, such as enzyme replacement therapy or lifestyle adjustments.

Short name

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin

Frequently asked questions

What causes abnormal Alpha-1 Antitrypsin levels?
Abnormal levels are most commonly linked to genetic mutations passed down through families. Other rare causes may include chronic liver disease, certain infections, or conditions that cause inflammation. If your results are low, your doctor may recommend genetic testing or further evaluation.
How often should I get this test?
The frequency depends on your risk factors. If you have Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, your doctor may recommend testing every few years or more often if you develop symptoms. Regular monitoring helps track changes in your condition and adjust treatment as needed.
Can diet or lifestyle changes affect Alpha-1 Antitrypsin levels?
While diet and lifestyle choices can influence overall health, they do not directly alter the level of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in the blood. However, managing conditions like smoking or chronic inflammation (e.g., through diet and exercise) can indirectly support lung and liver health, which may benefit long-term management of related diseases.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy