Serum/plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

This test measures the main proteins in your blood. Using a technique called electrophoresis, the laboratory separates these proteins, including albumin and several types of globulins, into distinct bands that can be measured and compared with normal reference ranges.

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on size and electrical charge. This process reveals the presence, absence, or relative amounts of proteins such as albumin, globulins, and other fractions. Abnormal patterns may suggest conditions like monoclonal gammopathy, chronic liver disease, or immune system disorders.

Doctors order this test when symptoms or other lab results suggest a problem with blood proteins. It helps detect and monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders, kidney or liver disease, chronic inflammation, malnutrition, and certain immune system problems.

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used in screening for certain cancers, monitoring treatment responses, or evaluating conditions affecting protein synthesis or breakdown.

A health care professional will draw a small blood sample from a vein in your arm, usually at the inside of the elbow. No special preparation is needed in most cases, though your provider may ask you to avoid food and liquids for several hours if this test is combined with others that require fasting.

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then separated into serum (if clotted) or plasma (if anticoagulated) to analyze protein fractions. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your specific test instructions.

Results are reported as amounts or percentages for each protein band along with reference ranges. A normal pattern suggests balanced protein levels, while an abnormal pattern, such as a narrow spike in the gamma region sometimes called an M spike, may point to a plasma cell disorder, infection, inflammation, or liver or kidney disease. Your doctor will interpret your pattern together with your symptoms and other test results.

Results show a visual pattern of bands representing different protein groups. Abnormal spikes, smears, or shifts may indicate specific conditions. Your healthcare provider will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.