Skip to content

Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
86349-8
Short code
Diagnostic MG + US pnl Brst-L Doc
Synonyms
Diagnostic MG + US pnl Brst-L Doc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is This Test Used For?

Electrophoresis separates proteins into bands representing albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. This helps detect abnormal protein levels or patterns, such as monoclonal spikes (seen in multiple myeloma) or increased gamma-globulins (common in chronic inflammatory conditions).

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum is applied to a gel. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. After separation, the gel is stained to visualize distinct protein bands. Results are interpreted qualitatively (qualitative) rather than quantitatively (measuring exact amounts).

Preparation and Sample Collection

No special preparation is needed, but fasting may not be required. Blood is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm, and sent to the lab for analysis. The test is usually done on fresh serum samples to ensure accurate results.

Possible Conditions Detected

This test can help diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and certain infections. Abnormal bands may also suggest hereditary conditions like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Qualitative Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

Why might my doctor order this test?
Your doctor may recommend this test if they suspect conditions affecting protein production, distribution, or breakdown. It’s often used alongside other tests (like a complete blood count or urine tests) to provide a fuller picture of your health, especially in cases of suspected blood cancers, liver disease, or chronic inflammation.
What does a positive or abnormal result mean?
An abnormal electrophoresis result may show unusual bands, such as a large spike (monoclonal protein) or altered proportions of protein groups. This doesn’t always mean you have a serious condition, but it may prompt further testing to investigate potential causes, like cancer, genetic disorders, or organ dysfunction.
How often will I need this test?
The frequency depends on your symptoms, diagnosis, or treatment plan. Some patients may need this test once, while others may require follow-up tests every few months or years, especially if they have a known condition like multiple myeloma or liver disease.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy