Serum/plasma protein electrophoresis with bromocresol green (BCG) dye binding assay

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Your blood contains several proteins that play key roles in health, including albumin (the most abundant protein, which helps maintain fluid balance) and globulins (which include antibodies and other proteins involved in immune function). This test separates these proteins based on size and charge, allowing for detailed analysis of their proportions. Some proteins may appear as distinct bands on the electrophoresis result, while others may be grouped together.

Why Might You Need This Test?

This test is often used when doctors suspect conditions affecting protein levels, such as liver disease (where albumin production may be impaired), kidney disease (where proteins might leak into urine), or certain cancers like multiple myeloma. It can also help monitor treatment progress for conditions like chronic liver disease or inflammatory disorders.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from your arm, typically in a clinic or lab setting. The blood is then separated into plasma or serum and placed in a gel medium. An electric current is applied to the gel, causing proteins to move toward the opposite charge. After separation, the gel is stained with bromocresol green dye, which binds to proteins and highlights their presence and concentration.

What Do the Results Mean?

Results show the relative amounts of different protein types, often displayed as bands or peaks on a graph. Abnormal patterns may indicate shifts in protein distribution, such as low albumin levels (which could suggest liver or kidney issues) or unusual globulin patterns (which might signal immune system disorders or cancer). Your doctor will interpret these results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.