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Serum or Plasma Electrophoresis (Protein Electrophoresis)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, including albumin, globulins, and other proteins, to help identify abnormalities in protein distribution.

Quick summary

["Helps diagnose conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems by checking protein patterns in your blood."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5154-0
Short code
EBV EA Ab Ser Ql IF
Synonyms
EBV EA Ab Ser Ql IF
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
if
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins based on their size and electrical charge. The test typically looks at five main protein bands: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma globulins. These bands reflect the balance of proteins in your bloodstream.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your doctor may order this test to check for conditions affecting protein production, such as infections, cancers (like multiple myeloma), liver or kidney disease, or autoimmune disorders. It can also help monitor treatment responses.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then separated into serum (if clotted) or plasma (if anticoagulated) for analysis. The proteins are placed on a gel and exposed to an electric current to separate them.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is usually needed, but you may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the test if your doctor specifies it. Wear comfortable clothing and bring any necessary medications.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a protein electrophoresis test show?
It shows the distribution and relative amounts of different proteins in your blood, helping identify whether certain proteins are too high or too low, which can signal conditions like infections, cancers, or organ dysfunction.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your doctor will discuss the findings with you during a follow-up visit.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Most often, no fasting is required, but always follow your doctor’s instructions. If fasting is needed, avoid food and liquids (except water) for the specified period before the test.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy