Serum or Plasma Electrophoresis (Qualitative) for Protein Electrophoresis

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins based on their electrical charge and size. The test detects five main protein bands: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma globulins. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, where abnormal proteins (M proteins) appear, or other immune system disorders.

Why It’s Done

Doctors order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting protein balance, such as plasma cell dyscrasias (e.g., multiple myeloma), chronic liver disease, or certain autoimmune diseases. It may also help assess kidney function or detect hidden protein abnormalities in blood.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum or plasma, which is analyzed using an electric field to separate proteins by size and charge. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised if your doctor specifies it.

What to Expect Before the Test

You may experience mild discomfort from the needle, but most people tolerate blood draws well. If you’re nervous, inform your healthcare provider—they can offer options like numbing cream or a smaller needle. Avoid heavy meals before the test if fasting instructions apply.