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Serum/Plasma Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood by separating them based on size and charge.

Quick summary

Electrophoresis helps identify unusual protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma or other blood disorders.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
82918-4
Short code
ENA Jo1 IgG Ser Ql Line blot
Synonyms
ENA Jo1 IgG Ser Ql Line blot
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
line-blot
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct roles, such as transporting nutrients, fighting infection, or maintaining blood pressure. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like liver disease, infections, or immune disorders.

Why It’s Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test to investigate symptoms like fatigue, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, or recurrent infections. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic liver disease.

Sample Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum or plasma is then separated and placed in a gel for electrophoresis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised if your provider specifies it.

What to Expect

The test is quick and typically done in a lab setting. You may feel slight discomfort from the needle, but most people tolerate it well. Results are usually ready within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Frequently asked questions

Abnormal protein patterns can signal underlying health issues, such as an overproduction of certain proteins (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy in multiple myeloma) or reduced levels of others (e.g., albumin in liver disease). Early detection can guide treatment decisions, such as further testing or targeted therapies.
This test alone doesn’t diagnose a specific condition but helps identify potential problems that may require additional testing.
How long will I need to wait for results?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, but timing may vary depending on your lab’s workflow. Your provider will contact you once results are ready.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required unless instructed by your provider. However, if fasting is needed for another test, follow their guidance to avoid confusion in results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy