Serum or Plasma Electrophoresis (Protein Electrophoresis)

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors may order a protein electrophoresis test to investigate symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, bone pain, or swelling in the arms/legs. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or kidney disease. Sometimes, it’s part of a routine check for inherited protein disorders or to evaluate liver function.

How Is the Sample Collected?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate the serum or plasma, which is sent to the lab for analysis. You may feel a slight pinch when the needle is inserted, but the procedure usually takes less than 5 minutes.

What Does the Test Show?

The test produces a graph showing bands of different proteins (e.g., albumin, globulins like immunoglobulins) arranged by size. Abnormal bands or patterns may indicate low or high levels of specific proteins, which can point to diseases like multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver disease (altered albumin), or infections (increased acute-phase proteins).

Preparation for the Test

No special preparation is needed, but inform your doctor if you’re taking blood-thinning medications or have a history of bleeding disorders. Avoid strenuous activity or eating heavy meals 2 hours before your appointment to ensure accurate results.