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Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) by Immunofluorescence (Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for antibodies that may indicate a type of inflammatory condition called vasculitis, which affects small blood vessels. These antibodies can cause inflammation and damage to tissues.

Quick summary

["This test helps identify potential autoimmune conditions that may require further evaluation or treatment."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
88881-8
Short code
ENA SM-D Ab Ser Ql Line blot
Synonyms
ENA SM-D Ab Ser Ql Line blot
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
line-blot
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Might Be Ordered

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms like unexplained skin rashes, joint pain, kidney issues, or persistent infections. It’s also used when diagnosing conditions like Wegener’s granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis.

How the Test Works

A small sample of your blood is taken and examined under a microscope to detect specific antibodies (ANCAs) that target proteins in neutrophils, white blood cells. The presence of these antibodies suggests an autoimmune response.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but inform your provider about any medications or recent illnesses. Avoid alcohol before testing if directed by your doctor.

What to Expect During the Test

A simple blood draw is performed, usually in your arm. The process takes a few minutes, and you may feel slight discomfort but no lasting effects.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Positive results for ANCA antibodies can signal vasculitis or other autoimmune diseases. While not all positive tests indicate disease, they prompt further evaluation, including confirmatory tests or biopsies, to guide treatment decisions.

Short name

ANCA Screen

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive ANCA test suggests a higher likelihood of vasculitis or related conditions, but it doesn’t confirm a diagnosis alone. Your doctor will review results alongside symptoms and other tests to determine next steps.
Can I get this test at home?
No, this test requires a lab setting. Blood samples are collected by a healthcare professional and processed in a clinical lab for accurate results.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up with your provider for interpretation.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy