Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and molecular weight. Common protein bands include albumin (fastest-moving), alpha globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (slowest-moving). Abnormal patterns may suggest conditions like monoclonal gammopathy (e.g., multiple myeloma) or chronic liver disease.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress in certain cancers or autoimmune diseases.

How Is the Sample Collected?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The blood is then separated into serum (liquid part without clotting factors) or plasma (with clotting factors), depending on the lab’s protocol. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised in some cases.

What Are Common Findings?

Normal results show a balanced distribution of protein bands. Abnormal findings may include a prominent band in the gamma region (indicative of monoclonal proteins), reduced albumin, or altered alpha/beta globulin ratios. These patterns can guide further testing or treatment planning.