Serum or Plasma Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

What Is Electrophoresis Used For?

Electrophoresis is primarily used to detect abnormal protein bands in the blood. These bands can indicate the presence of monoclonal proteins (e.g., M proteins), which are often linked to diseases like multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. It also helps monitor treatment responses in these conditions by comparing protein patterns over time.

How Is This Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn, and the serum or plasma is placed in an electric field. Proteins migrate toward the opposite charge, creating distinct bands that are analyzed under a microscope or detected by staining. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your lab protocol.

Preparation and Sample Collection

No special preparation is typically required, but you may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the test if your lab protocol specifies it. The blood sample is collected in a plain tube (no additives) and sent to the lab for processing. Results are usually ready within 24–48 hours.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal electrophoresis results may signal conditions affecting protein production, such as plasma cell dyscrasias (e.g., multiple myeloma), chronic liver disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It’s often used alongside other tests like urine protein electrophoresis or immunofixation to confirm diagnoses.