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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months by checking the percentage of hemoglobin (red blood cell protein) that is coated with sugar.

Quick summary

["HbA1c reflects long-term blood glucose control and helps doctors assess diabetes management."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
23722-2
Short code
FeHV NAb Titr Ser Nt
Synonyms
FeHV NAb Titr Ser Nt
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
neut
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why is this test important?

HbA1c is a key indicator of how well your diabetes is controlled because it reflects your average blood sugar levels over time. Unlike daily blood sugar checks, it provides a broader picture of your glucose management, helping prevent long-term complications like nerve damage or kidney disease.

How is this test done?

A small blood sample is taken from your arm, usually by a healthcare professional. The sample is then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the percentage of hemoglobin bound to sugar.

What does a result mean?

Results are reported as a percentage (e.g., 5.7%, 6.4%, 7.5%). While specific ranges vary by lab, higher percentages generally indicate poorer blood sugar control. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health and treatment plan.

Common reasons for testing

HbA1c testing is typically ordered for people with diabetes to monitor treatment effectiveness, for those at risk of diabetes (e.g., prediabetes), or as part of routine check-ups for chronic conditions like heart disease or kidney problems.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HbA1c

Frequently asked questions

What does an abnormal result mean?
An elevated HbA1c suggests your blood sugar levels have been consistently higher than recommended, increasing risks for diabetes-related complications like nerve damage, vision problems, or heart disease. A lower HbA1c may indicate better control but isn’t always cause for celebration—consistent monitoring is still key.
How often should I get this test?
Your doctor will determine the frequency based on your health status. Generally, people with diabetes may test every 3–6 months, while others at risk might need more frequent checks.
Can lifestyle changes affect my HbA1c?
Yes! Diet, exercise, and managing stress can improve HbA1c levels. Small, sustainable changes—like eating balanced meals, staying active, and avoiding smoking—can make a noticeable difference over time.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy