Electrophoresis of Serum Proteins (Qualitative or Semi-Quantitative)

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main bands: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (including immunoglobulins). Each band reflects the concentration and type of proteins in your serum. Abnormal patterns may suggest conditions like infections, immune disorders, or metabolic issues.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test to investigate symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems by tracking protein changes over time.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum (liquid part after blood clotting) is then separated and placed on a gel for electrophoresis. The gel is subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate to different positions based on their properties.

Possible Results and Interpretation

Results are typically qualitative (descriptive) or semi-quantitative (approximate measurements). Abnormal patterns, such as a spike in one band (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy) or altered ratios, may indicate specific health concerns. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.