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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49064-9
Short code
Gamma 2 glob SerPl Elph-mCnc
Synonyms
Gamma 2 glob SerPl Elph-mCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct functions, such as immune defense or transport of substances in your blood.

Why This Test Is Done?

It may also help monitor treatment progress or detect subtle changes in protein composition that could indicate underlying health issues.

Sample Collection and Preparation

The serum is placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. Different proteins move at varying speeds, creating distinct bands.

Interpreting Results

For example, an elevated gamma globulin band might suggest an immune disorder, while unusual bands could indicate conditions like liver disease or protein abnormalities.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What Does an Abnormal Result Mean?
An abnormal result may indicate an underlying health issue, such as an immune disorder, cancer, or a metabolic condition. Your healthcare provider will discuss these findings with you and may recommend additional tests or treatments.
How Often Should I Get This Test?
The frequency depends on your medical condition. Some patients may need this test periodically (e.g., every few months) to monitor progress or detect changes early, while others may only need it once for diagnosis.
What Are Common Causes of Abnormal Results?
Abnormal protein patterns can result from conditions like multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, liver disease, kidney disease, or chronic infections. Autoimmune diseases or certain cancers may also alter protein levels.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy