Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and electrical charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which can signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or immune disorders.
["This test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions affecting protein balance in your blood."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 53590-6
- Short code
- Gamma glob abnormal MFr SerPl Elph
- Synonyms
- Gamma glob abnormal MFr SerPl Elph
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 7.35
- Ref high
- 7.45
- Critical range
- 7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Does This Test Measure?
Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands, each representing a group of proteins with similar electrical charges. Common bands include albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins (antibodies). Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like chronic inflammation, infections, or genetic disorders.
Why Might You Need This Test?
Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or liver/kidney disease.
How Is the Test Performed?
A small blood sample is drawn from your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood) is then placed in an electric field to separate proteins. Results are interpreted by comparing the pattern to normal ranges.
What Are Common Findings?
Abnormal findings may include: - **Monoclonal spikes**: Suggesting multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. - **Reduced albumin**: Possible liver disease, malnutrition, or kidney problems. - **Increased gamma-globulins**: Could indicate chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or heavy alcohol use.
Reference range
NCBI: pH 7.35-7.45N/A
No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
This test plays a key role in diagnosing and managing conditions that alter protein production or distribution. For example, a monoclonal spike may guide treatment for plasma cell disorders, while abnormal globulin patterns can help assess immune function or organ health.
Short name
Protein Electrophoresis (Serum)
Frequently asked questions
What does a ‘qualitative’ result mean?
How long does it take to get results?
Can diet or medications affect this test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy