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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) with Mass Concentration Quantification

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which can signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["Electrophoresis helps pinpoint protein imbalances that may indicate serious health concerns."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
53591-4
Short code
Gamma glob abnormal SerPl Elph-mCnc
Synonyms
Gamma glob abnormal SerPl Elph-mCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is Electrophoresis Used For?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into fractions (e.g., albumin, globulins) by moving them through a gel under an electric current. This helps detect unusual protein patterns that might not be visible in routine blood tests.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, kidney disease, or chronic infections.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum is separated and placed on a gel. An electric current runs through the gel, causing proteins to migrate to different positions based on their size and charge. The result is a visual pattern of bands representing protein types.

What Do the Results Mean?

Abnormal bands or shifts in protein distribution may indicate conditions like monoclonal gammopathy (e.g., multiple myeloma), liver disease, or inflammation. Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: This test is critical for diagnosing and managing conditions affecting protein synthesis or distribution, such as plasma cell disorders, liver disease, or chronic inflammatory states. Early detection can guide treatment decisions, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or monitoring for disease progression.

Short name

SPEP

Frequently asked questions

What does an abnormal SPEP test indicate?
An abnormal SPEP test may show unusual protein bands or patterns, such as a spike (monoclonal protein) that could suggest conditions like multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. It may also reveal low albumin levels or altered globulin fractions linked to liver, kidney, or immune system issues.
How often is this test repeated?
The frequency depends on your condition. If you have a known disorder like multiple myeloma, your doctor may order this test regularly (e.g., every few months) to monitor changes. If it’s part of a routine checkup, it may be done less often or as needed.
Can lifestyle changes affect SPEP results?
Generally, lifestyle factors like diet or exercise don’t directly alter protein electrophoresis results. However, certain medications (e.g., steroids, chemotherapy) or chronic conditions (e.g., kidney disease) may influence protein levels. Always discuss your medications and health status with your doctor before the test.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy